A Beginners Guide to the French Revolution

A Beginner's Guide to the French Revolution Somewhere in the range of 1789 and 1802, France was wracked by an upheaval which profoundly changed the administration, organization, military, and culture of the country just as diving Europe into a progression of wars. France went from a to a great extent primitive state under an absolutist ruler through the French Revolution to a republic which executed the lord and afterward to a domain under Napoleon Bonaparte. Not exclusively were hundreds of years of law, convention, and practice cleaned away by an upset scarcely any individuals had the option to foresee going this far, yet fighting spread the transformation across Europe, changing the landmass for all time. Key People Lord Louis XVI: King of France when the unrest started in 1789, he was executed in 1792.Emmanuel Sieyã ¨s: Deputy who radicalized the third domain and induced the upset which carried the diplomats to power.Jean-Paul Marat: Popular writer who supported extraordinary measures against deceivers and hoarders. Killed in 1793.Maximilien Robespierre: Lawyer who went from supporting a conclusion to capital punishment to the modeler of the Terror. Executed in 1794.Napoleon Bonaparte: French general whose ascent to control finished the insurgency. Dates Despite the fact that students of history are concurred that the French Revolution began in 1789, they are isolated on the end date. A couple of chronicles stop in 1795 with the formation of the Directory, some stop in 1799 with the making of the Consulate, while a lot more stop in 1802, when Napoleon Bonaparte became Consul forever, or 1804 when he became Emperor. An uncommon not many proceed to the reclamation of the government in 1814. In a word A medium-term monetary emergency, caused mostly by Frances unequivocal association in the American Revolutionary War, prompted the French crown first calling an Assembly of Notables and afterward, in 1789, a gathering called the Estates General so as to pick up consent for new assessment laws. The Enlightenment had influenced the perspectives on white collar class French society to where they requested inclusion in government and the monetary emergency gave them a route in to get it. The Estates General was made out of three Estates: the pastorate, the respectability, and the remainder of France, however there were contentions over how reasonable this was: the Third Estate was far bigger than the other two yet just had 33% of the vote. Discussion followed, with a require the Third getting a greater state. This Third Estate, educated by long haul questions over the constitution of France and the advancement of another social request of bourgeoisie, proclaimed itself a National Assembl y and declared the suspension of tax collection, assuming control over French sway. After a force battle which saw the National Assembly make the Tennis Court Vow not to disband, the lord yielded and the Assembly started changing France, rejecting the old framework and drawing up another constitution with a Legislative Assembly. This proceeded with the changes yet it made divisions in France by administering against the congregation and announcing war on countries which bolstered the French ruler. In 1792, a second revolutionâ took place, as Jacobins and sansculottes constrained the Assembly to supplant itself with a National Convention which canceled the government, proclaimed France a republic and in 1793, executed the lord. As the Revolutionary Wars conflicted with France, as areas irate at assaults on the congregation and enrollment revolted and as the insurgency turned out to be progressively radicalized, the National Convention made a Committee of Public Safety to run France in 1793. After a battle between political groups called the Girondins and the Montagnards was won by the last mentioned, a time of bleeding measures called The Terror started, when more than 16,000 individuals were guillotined. In 1794, the unrest again changed, this time betraying the Terror and its engineer Robespierre. The Terrorists were expelled in an upset and another constitution was drawn up which made, in 1795, another authoritative framework run by a Directory of five men. This stayed in power on account of apparatus races and cleansing the gatherings before being supplanted, because of the military and a general called Napoleon Bonaparte, by another constitution in 1799 which made three representatives to manage France. Bonaparte was the primary delegate and, while the change of France proceeded, Bonaparte figured out how to wrap the progressive wars up and have himself announced representative forever. In 1804 he delegated himself Emperor of France; the transformation was finished, the realm had started. Outcomes There is general understanding that the political and managerial face of France was entirely modified: a republic based around chose chiefly common delegates supplanted a government upheld by aristocrats while the numerous and fluctuated primitive frameworks were supplanted by new, typically chose foundations which were applied all around across France. The way of life was likewise influenced, in any event for the time being, with the upset pervading each innovative undertaking. Be that as it may, there is still discussion about whether the upheaval for all time changed the social structures of France or whether they were just adjusted temporarily. Europe was likewise changed. The progressives of 1792 started a war which stretched out through the Imperial time frame and constrained countries to marshal their assets to a more noteworthy degree than any time in recent memory. A few regions, similar to Belgium and Switzerland, became customer conditions of France with changes like those of the insurgency. National personalities additionally started combining more than ever. The numerous and quick creating philosophies of the transformation were likewise spread across Europe, helped by French being the mainland elite’s prevailing language. The French Revolution has frequently been known as the beginning of the advanced world, and keeping in mind that this is a misrepresentation a large number of the alleged progressive improvements had antecedents it was an epochal occasion that for all time changed the European outlook. Nationalism, dedication to the state rather than the ruler, mass fighting, all got hardened in the advanc ed brain.

A Separate Peace Free Essays

â€Å"A Separate Peace† is a novel composed by John Knowles at the scenery of the Second World War. The brutal real factors of the time set out the idea of the title of the novel, as indicated by Neil Baldwin, â€Å"The weight of this condition at such a critical and receptive time established the framework for A Separate Peace†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Baldwin, p. 1). We will compose a custom exposition test on A Separate Peace or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The epic was in this way distributed in 1959 in England and in the United States in 1960. The title of the novel as indicated by J. Knosldx and Liz Gershel alludes both to the political and individual setting of the novel. As indicated by them, the political setting of the novel alludes to President’s Roosevelt’s notice that harmony is indissoluble and that war in one piece of the world will imperil every single other part: â€Å"When harmony has been broken anyplace, the tranquility of all nations anyplace is in danger† (p. 2). The individual challenge of the novel alludes to Finny’s internal happiness and vision for harmony in which Gene draws quality and solaces. The tale starts with Gene Forester’s come back to the old secondary school in New Hampshire to consider a portion of the recollections especially on the occurrences throughout the mid year season between his lesser and senior years. Quality alluding to the old tremendous tree on the waterway bank says, â€Å"This was the tree, and it appeared to me remaining there to look like those men, the goliaths of your youth, whom you experience years after the fact and find that they are not simply littler according to your development, yet that they are†¦.the old mammoths have become pigmies the other way† (Knowles, p. 6).   As he strolls around the vacant grounds of the Devon School, Gene reviews an occurrence where alongside his companion Phineas or Finny, they went to a tea, wherein Gene call attention to his aversion of Finny’s conduct towards the school authority. Finny purposely oppose the behavior of the event by wearing the school’s tie as a belt, and dresses in a pink shirt. Quality remarked that Finny is the single individual who could â€Å"get away† with such way of dressing. While he was resting at the foot of an immense tree overhanging a riverbank, a scene during his lesser and senior years flashed back in his brain where his closest companion named Phineas challenges â€Å"the different young men to make a jump from the game changing tree on the waterway bank into the cold waters† (Baldwin, p. 5). Baldwin noticed that Gene reviewed Finny’s forceful and audacious character all through the book. The political setting of the novel is seen in Gene’s thinking wherein he stated, â€Å"Nothing suffers, not a tree, not love, not by any means brutality. Transformed, I headed back through the mud. I was soaked; anyone could see the time had come to escape the rain† (Knowles, p. 6). Here, Gene appeared to discussion of the mercilessness of war. Nothing can suffer it, not by any means a tree. Maybe this alludes to the re-presentation of the enrollment for every youngster age seventeen to render military assistance. Al however they have three choices, yet all comes down to one, serving in the military and face the fast approaching risk of being slaughtered in real life. As per Knosldx and Gershel, President Truman’s approval of the dropping of the nuclear bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 1945 finished the war, yet it additionally saved the lives of numerous Americans. Knosldx and Gershel expressed, â€Å"Gene recognizes that his life and the lives of a large number of his schoolmates were saved this way† (p. 2). Consequently, apparently the creator (Knowles) passes on his perspectives on the effect of the war wherein he appeared to be sad in the case of everything will at long last be finished or the annihilations and savagery of war will proceed until nobody can suffer it, not by any means love, not by any means a tree. Instructions to refer to A Separate Peace, Papers A Separate Peace Free Essays A Separate Peace Free Essays In â€Å"A Separate Peace†, John Knowles utilizes the characters come to comprehend the distinction among dream and reality, blamelessness andâ experience, and compassion and contempt. Phineas utilizes forswearing to secure himself against the truth of war. One individual can require insurance to avoid anâ experienceâ that’s been frequenting their lives like a demise in the family. We will compose a custom article test on A Separate Peace or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now They need this security to assist them with proceeding onward throughout everyday life and discover harmony inside themselves once more. Some need security from war in the idea of death during battle.This sort of insurance is progressively physical then passionate in that it’s requesting assurance that would shield any shot that couldâ enter theâ body. Others need an enthusiastic sort of assurance from desire and contempt and toâ escapeâ their fears and from truth. This could be expected to assist one with traversing the day and live without avoiding different people’s desire and contempt. In â€Å"A Separate Peace† by John Knowles, Phineas needs insurance from reality and reality.With this, John Knowles looks at the real world and reality by displaying the give a role as a hindrance that shields Phineas from his general surroundings, just as the thing of madness and reality, of honesty andâ knowledge, and of adoration and sicken. Phineas’ protective disposition towards the war and life all in all is a resultâ of his on edge character not having any desire to acknowledge the progressi ons around him, driving him into disavowal for his fellowship with Gene and the world outside the Devon school. When Phineas finds out about the war, he places himself into complete refusal as he tells Gene, â€Å"Don’t be a sap,’ he looked with cool restraint at me, ‘there isn’t any war†¦ that’s what this entire war story is a horrendous drug† (107). Phineas doesn’t accept that there is a war going on. This is something that Phineas stows away and can’t face. Towards the end, Phineas reveals to Gene that the one thing Phineas is frantic about isn't having the option to do anything once he breaks his leg once more, is that he can’t leave to war. This shows Phineas most likely disclosed to Gene that he didn’t have faith in war to conceal his genuine feelings. When Phineas shows that he is trying to claim ignorance about the real world and can’t handle reality, Gene states, â€Å"To start kidding, would have been a misleading forswearing, of what had occurred, and Phineas was not fit for that† (109). Quality doesn’t feel that Phineas can take reality and won’t acknowledge reality. This shows the manner in which Gene sees Phineas as an individual, who can’t handle reality and who is carrying on with his life in denial.Phineas was in such a psyche express, that he couldn’t even be kidded around with as aâ resultâ of his agonizing mentality towards his leg circumstance. As the reality of the real world, when Phineas was pushed from the tree by Gene, he began to be seen before him, Phineas cries, â€Å"I don’t care,’ Phineas hindered in an even voice, so loaded with wealth that it superseded all the others. I don’t care† (168) Instead of confronting the way that he was pushed out of the tree and proceed onward to different things, he chose not to move on, not thinking anything. This shows the way Phineas sees his life and his disposition towards the world, which was that he invests his energy progressively from reality with regards to how he tumbled from the tree and that there isn’t a war happening around him. Phineas carries on with his life by escaping reality, the cast acting like an obstruction getting him far from tolerating the distinctions, both enthusiastic and physical, thatâ resultâ from his messed up leg. The cast speaks to his duplicity of Gene, reality, and what causes him to understand that he will always be unable to play the games that have a key impact in his life.When Phineas is informed that he will always be unable to play sports once more, all he needs is somebody to convey his sportsmanship for him, and that is the point at which he tells Gene, â€Å"Listen, buddy, in the event that I can’t play sports; you’re going to play them for me,’ and I lost separated of myself to him at that point and a taking of f feeling of opportunity, uncovered this may have been my motivation from the first; to turn into a piece of Phineas† (77). Phineas loses the capacity to play sports and needs Gene to do that for him, yet Phineas additionally loses his innocence..He feels as though his entire reason after Phineas’ mishap was to turn into a piece of him and do what he not, at this point will have the option to do. It out of nowhere happens to Gene that Phineas may always be unable to walk once more, not to mention play sports, and this is the point at which he states, â€Å"Then my eyes fell on the bound cast white mass pointing at me, and as it was consistently to do, it brought me down out of Finny’s universe of creation, down again as I had fell in the wake of enlivening that morning, down to the real world, to the facts† (107 and 108).Gene didn’t understand the result of his activities toward Phineas until Gene saw Phineas’ side. Finny had a universe of creation where he wouldn’t face reality and the cast acted like a boundary that continues Phineas from confronting reality. When Phineas discloses to Gene his sentiments of scorn towards him, Gene’s portrayal of Phineas is, â€Å"He battled cumbersomely for such a period of time, that even my psyche, eased back and stunned as though it had been, had the option to define two acknowledge: that his le g was bound†¦ nd that he was attempting to release his despise against me† (176). Quality thinks about Phineas’ sentiments of contempt towards him and how Phineas feels about the entire mishap. The demonstration wasn’t just an obstruction for reality, however a divider that was attempting to release his despise for Gene and for what he did to Phineas’ brilliant life

Tips for Coping With the Life-Changing Loss of a Spouse

Tips for Coping With the Life-Changing Loss of a Spouse Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Tips for Coping With the Death of a Spouse By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on January 24, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on January 24, 2020 altrendo images / Stockbyte / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Losing a spouse can be devastating, whether the death is sudden or following a long illness. One day you are married; the next day you are single, alone, and grieving. Between the intense emotions, the lifestyle changes, and the many practical considerations that accompany the death of your spouse, you probably feel overwhelmed and anxious about your future. Advice for Dealing With Grief That Comes With the Loss of a Spouse Over time, the grief will likely subside and you will build a new life for yourself. In the meantime, here are some tips to help you cope. Go Easy on Yourself There is no right way to feel after losing your spouse. So many variables contribute to your reaction, including how long and happy your marriage was, how your spouse died, how old your children are (if you have them), and how dependent you were on one another. You may feel numb, shocked, brokenhearted, or anxious. You may feel guilty for being the one who is still alive or relieved that your spouse is no longer suffering if he or she was ill for a long time. You might even feel angry at your spouse for leaving you. You may cry a lot, or you may not. How you grieve is unique to you.?? Be prepared for friends and family who may not know what to say, avoid you, or try to comfort you with cliches (such as hes in a better place). Often, well-meaning people are uncomfortable talking about death, but it doesnt mean they dont care. If you can, tell those close to you what you need (or dont need). If people avoid mentioning your spouse, for example, and you actually want to talk about him, let them know. Keep in mind that your friends and family are also grieving and may find it comforting to share memories of your spouse. Take Care of Your Physical Health Grieving can take a toll on your body as well as your emotions. You may have no appetite or trouble sleeping. It may be easier said than done, but try to take care of yourself by eating well, exercising, and getting enough sleep. Try to avoid drowning your sorrows by drinking excessively, as that can actually exacerbate your pain. One study found that the risk of death for the surviving spouse goes up, particularly in the first three months of bereavement.??  Taking care of your physical health in the months after your loss is essential. Be sure to let your healthcare provider know if you are having trouble following through on everyday activities, like getting dressed or fixing meals for yourself. Seek Support Coping with the aftermath of loss is often extremely lonely and confusing, and it is not unusual to feel depressed. The loss of a spouse is also associated with an elevated risk of the onset of a number of different psychiatric disorders. Studies suggest that a lack of social support after an unexpected loss is a key predictor of depression.?? For this reason, it is important to reach out to other people in your life for help.  You may be inclined to turn inward, but youll probably fare better if you seek support from family, friends, your religious community (if you have one), or a counselor. Joining a support group with other people who are grieving can also be very comforting. Your healthcare provider, therapist, or local hospital can usually provide information on locating such groups. Numerous bereavement groups are available online as well. The 8 Best Online Therapy Programs Sort Your Social Life Navigating your social life as a single person can be complicated. If you and your spouse socialized with other couples regularly, you may not know how to fit in now. You may feel awkward going to parties and other events solo. Tell your friends how you feel and explain that you may need to avoid couples dinner parties and get-togethers for a while and see friends one-on-one instead. However, being single can also provide a welcome opportunity to seek out new friends. Consider volunteering or taking a class to motivate you to get out of the house and pursue something meaningful.?? Signs of Complicated Grief Losing a spouse is life-changing and profound grief is a normal reaction. Sometimes, though, grief is so profound that it interferes with your ability to move forward with your own life. This is known as complicated grief and it affects an estimated 7% of bereaved people. Signs include:?? Feeling as if you have no purpose anymoreHaving difficulty performing everyday activitiesExperiencing continued feelings of guilt, or blaming yourself for your loved one’s deathWishing you had died as wellLosing the desire to socialize If you cant get past these feelings, talk to your doctor or a therapist, who can recommend treatment options. A Word From Verywell As hard as losing a spouse is, it is possible to create a new and fulfilling life for yourself while still cherishing the memories of your relationship.

The Presidential Election Of 1912 Essay - 1664 Words

Presidential Election of 1912 In the presidential election of 1912 the Democrat Woodrow Wilson, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, Republican William Howard Taft, and Socialist Eugene Debs all had their opposing views on the issues that concerning the future of democracy in America. Some of the issues were; the Conservation of Natural Resources, Direct Democracy, Labor, Race, Tariff, Trusts and Regulation of Business, and votes for Women. Majority of the people desired change, as would I if I were to have lived during this time period . My vote would have been for Theodore Teddy Roosevelt, as the change he promises is fair compared to the other candidates. Labor would be one of the issues that would be most important to me as a voter. Working is part of life, it s necessary to be able to provide for your family. In 1912, the working conditions were not safe or healthy. The long working hours, the dangerous work space, the low pay all would make people desire change. As a voter, I would want to know that in the future I would be safe at work with good pay to be able not to live in poverty. There were many strikes that occurred, demanding change in labor in 1912. In the Lawrence Strike, â€Å"people fought for higher wages, shorter hours, safer working conditions, regulation of woman and child labor, and workmen s compensation.† Another issue that would be important to me as a voter would be the tariff. The Tariff is a source of federal revenue. It’s a way for the United StatesShow MoreRelatedThe Presidential Election Of 1912888 Words   |  4 PagesThe presidential election of 1912 was fought amongst four major candidate s. Woodrow Wilson was brought up by his father, a Presbyterian minister, and his mother, daughter of a Presbyterian minister brought up Woodrow Wilson. He was president of Princeton University and governor of New Jersey. He represented the Democratic Party and had a combination of high morality and high-minded detachment. Eugene Debs was a well-known Socialist and union man for the Fireman’s Brotherhood and American RailroadRead MoreEssay about 1912 Election1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects on American Politics From the Election of 1912 During the Progressive Era, Americans faced the challenge of choosing between four strong candidates of the election of 1912. Each candidate held concrete platforms that would have different effects on progressivism. Americans could chose the conservative presidential incumbent William Howard Taft(R), the New Jersey governor Woodrow Wilson (D), the long-time fighter for social reform-Eugene V.Read MoreThe Election of 1912 Essay1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe Election of 1912 During the Progressive Era, Americans faced the challenge of choosing between four strong candidates of the election of 1912. Each candidate held concrete platforms that would have different effects on progressivism. Americans could chose the conservative presidential incumbent William Howard Taft(R), the New Jersey governor Woodrow WilsonRead MoreThe 1912 Crucial Election1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe year 1912 brought one of the most important presidential elections in United States history. Four nominees confronted one another during this election: Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson, Progressive leader Theodore â€Å"Teddy† Roosevelt, Republican William Howard Taft, and Socialist Eugene Debs. This election also proved to be crucial as it brought forth new considerable and â€Å"substantive† discussions concerning the Union and its future. These issues included, whether government should expandRead MoreProgressive Era Dbq792 Words   |  4 Pageswere found being s hoveled into receptacles from dirty floors where they were left to lie until again shoveled into barrels†¦Ã¢â‚¬  stated the report. This caused Congress to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act. With the election of Woodrow Wilson in the 1912, he sold his idea of â€Å"new freedom†. As stated in the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, â€Å"It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce that directly or indirectly discriminated in price between different purchasers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The effectRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt And The United States907 Words   |  4 Pagesinspirited him to build up his body with strenuous exercises and sports in efforts to build his body and mind. In 1876, Roosevelt was accepted to Harvard College. After graduating, he decided to enter politics and in 1881, at the age of 23, he won election to the first of three terms in the Incipient York State Assembly as a Republican. In 1889, Roosevelt was appointed to the U.S. Civil Accommodation Commission and then in 1895 appointed to the post of N.Y. City Police Commissioner. As Police CommissionerRead MoreWoodrow Wilson Presidency : Election Of 19121080 Words   |  5 PagesPRESIDENCY Election of 1912 The election of 1912 involved four candidates: Democrat Woodrow Wilson, Republican William Howard Taft, Socialist Eugene V. Debs, and Progressive Theodore Roosevelt. The two major candidates in the 1912 election would be Roosevelt and Wilson. Wilson’s proposal of New Freedom engaged his supporters. The New Freedom notion intended to eliminate all trusts instead of just regulating them in hopes of an economic competition restoration. On the day of the Election in 1912, WilsonRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt And The Progressive Party987 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1912, the Progressive Party formed to support Theodore Roosevelt in his attempt to be elected for a third presidential term (O Toole par. 7, 11). The party was formed after the Republican National Convention repudiated the nomination of Roosevelt (Bardes, Shelley, and Schmidt 251). Furthermore, this resulted in Roosevelt splitting the Republican vote between him and William Howard Taft and gave Democrat Woodrow Wilson an adva ntage (Bardes, Shelley, and Schmidt). The Progressive Party took a platformRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt . Introduction To The Life Of Theodore1574 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernor, it was clear to them that he had no interest in listening to their ideas or following their ways. This would lead Roosevelt into becoming the running mate for McKinley in the presidential election, in hopes of preventing a second governor term for the once loved war hero. McKinley would go on to win the election and Roosevelt would become the Vice President, but this was short lived. On September 6, 1901 McKinley was tragically shot and killed. Roosevelt would now become the 26th presidentRead MoreCommitment Of The Individual Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagesinto the hills of Maine, defying guides and his own health to overcome natures trials. By this information, we can glean where this man got his motivation in the political career, ending with his loss to Wilson in 1912. This determination was what carrie d Roosevelt through the election and into the Amazon. These self-imposed ordeals have a profound impact as to how Theodore lived. That commitment to achieve is very important to success in whatever you do. I find this to be the most important aspect

Cultural Attitudes Reflected In War. Vanissa Tsang. ....

Cultural Attitudes Reflected in War Vanissa Tsang Conflict is inevitable when rules have been dismissed or violated, or when something valuable has been stolen or damaged. The Israelites got involved with an internal war when Saul became jealous of David for being the Lord’s next chosen king; The Trojan War happened because Paris took Helen from Menelaus. Although war is a common form of conflict for the Israelites and Greeks, its objective differs by Israelites fight to gain God’s favor, or power, whereas Greeks roots from the honor of one self, legacy of the family, and reputation of the community. The start of wars with the Hebrews are influenced by the Israelites’ displease from or to God, or simple rule violations; Greeks’ wars†¦show more content†¦In Greek, Helen was Menelaus’ wife until Paris took her back to Troy. Because she was not fairly obtained as a prize through battle, Paris is ‘that man [who] robbed / of [Menelaus’] sumptuous, warm wife† (Iliad, III, 61-62). A wife is usually seen as a prized treasure to Greek and Trojan men alike, so when Helen was stolen, it was an insult to Menelaus’ pride. Had he done nothing about it, then the Greeks would be cowards for not fighting to claim back what was rightfully theirs, and letting anyone step over them and casually taking things from them. A war on pride was fought between Achilles and Agamemnon when Agamemnon took â€Å"Briseis in all her beauty, [Achilles’] own prize - / so [he] can learn just how much greater [Agamemnon is] than [him]† (Iliad, I, 2 18-219). Agamemnon felt that his time was taken away, and to replace what is being lost, he deliberately makes Achilles’ suffer through the same humiliation to restore his own glory and to assert his position as king. The attitudes that was brought into war is different between the Hebrews and Greeks, where Hebrews enter with uncertainty about their success and turnouts, while Greeks proceed with passion and excitement for honor. After Lord’s forsaken, Saul desperately â€Å"inquired of the Lord, but the Lord did not answer him† (I Samuel 28:6) when he saw Philistine’s force. This led him to resort to consulting Samuel’s ghost, which is a practice of necromancy, something

Dr. Martin Luther King Free Essays

I believe that history has re-shaped the truth behind Dr. Martin Luther King’s life as a leader of the anti-racism and anti-segregation movement. Although he had been given many awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other non-violent means, obviously after his sudden death, many of his radical ideas were omitted simply because they are not what the politicians wanted the public to know. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Martin Luther King or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think Taylor Branch was right in saying that â€Å"our nation has slept for decades under the spell of myths grounded in race.† King had protested on the deliberate discrimination of blacks by policies that promote the whites. What King said in his speech â€Å"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence† is to put equality among blacks and whites in the forefront of every US citizen. He may have gained awards but his more radical ideas were forgotten or were left behind, encapsulated in myths that were more appealing. And people only accepted what were told to them. An example of this deliberate downplaying of King’s radical ideas is written in Branch’s article. Blacks were recruited and sent to the Vietnam War together with the whites yet the ones who gained more popularity were the whites. The blacks were set aside. White supremacy is very evident. Again, this is the result of the dominating rule of racial discrimination. Work Cited: â€Å"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence.† 4 May 1999. 9 April 2008. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/058.html Branch, Taylor. â€Å"The Last Wish of Martin Luther King.† 6 April 2008. 9 April 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/06/opinion/06branch.html?_r=2oref=sloginoref=slogin    How to cite Dr. Martin Luther King, Essay examples

Marketing Strategy free essay sample

Kentucky Fried Chicken ( KFC ) – one of the most well-known fast-food chains in the world started in the early 1930’s by Kernel Sanders in the Southern USA as a small franchise operation. Since in 1964 Colonel Sanders first sold KFC. It was sold in a small group of investors who promoted KFC in public. Quality, service and cleanliness ( QSC ) represents the most critical success factor to KFC’ global success. Food, Fun Festivity, this is what KFC is all about. Leading the market since its inception, KFC provides the ultimate chicken meals for the Chicken Loving Nation. In 1971 Heublein was highly involved in the day to day operations. However, R. J. Reynolds then acquired Heublein in 1982. R. J. took a more laid back approach and allowed business as usual at KFC. After that in 1986 PepsiCo bought this company and tried to grow it very fast and as well the restaurant segment even if KFC and PepsiCo had a very different culture and style which means that it was totally different. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page PepsiCo is a big company which recognized itself in 1985 and owns as well Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and now KFC. PepsiCo has a consumer product orientation and found that the marketing of fast food was very similar to the marketing of its soft drinks and snack foods. PepsiCo combines snack food, soft drinks and restaurants together and its a huge company in the world with many restaurants. Nowadays KFC belongs to YUM international and is the largest chicken restaurant in the world with over 32,500 restaurants with, AW All-American Foodâ„ ¢, Taco Bell, Long John Silvers and Pizza Hut in more than 100 countries. Today, some of the older KFC restaurants have become famous in their own right. One such restaurant is located in Marietta, Georgia. This store is notable for a 17m tall sign that looks like a chicken. The sign, known locally as the Big Chicken, was built for an earlier fast-food restaurant on the site called Johnny Rebs Chick, Chuck and Shake. It is often used as a travel reference point in the Atlanta area by locals and pilots. Perfecting its secret recipe in 1939 , KFC has come a long way , with over 10,000 outlets in the world, KFC maintained its title , for the last 60 years , of being â€Å" The Chicken Experts † 1. 2 : KFC Mission The mission of the KFC is to sell food in a fast ,to have a friendly environment that appeals to pride conscious, to be in a health minded consumers. The objectives of KFC are to increase the variety of menu, to introduce desert menu and introduce buffet to restaurants. Another objective goal is to target Menu items of African Americans in major cities with the following foods: greens, macaroni and cheese, peach cobbler, red beans and rice. The implementations on non-traditional units are including the shopping mall food courts, universities, hospitals, airports, stadiums, amusement parks, office buildings, mobile units. History KFC is knew in Vietnam with other familiar names is Kentucky Fried Chicken – the chain of professional fast-food restaurants , serving dishes made from chicken, hamburgers and the main famous dish is the Kentucky Fried Chicken . KFC joined Vietnam market from Dec 1997 in Saigon Super Bowl, located near Tansonnhat Airport HCMC. Now all most in the main streets of Vietnam have KFC restaurant. Development history: Dec 1997 HCMC June 2006 Ha Noi Aug 2006 Hai Phong Can Tho July 2007 D? ng Nai – Bien Hoa Jan 2008 Vung Tau May 2008 Hu? Dec 2008 Buon Ma Thu? t Nov 2009 Da N? ng Apr 2010 Binh Duong Nov 2010 Vinh, Ngh? An May 2011 Nha Trang Khanh Hoa Jun 2011 Long Xuyen An Giang Aug 2011 Quy Nhon va R? ch Gia Sept 2011 Phan Thi? t Dec 2011 H? i Duong Feb 2013 H? Long The KFC brand is targeted to top brand of fast-food for every one of all ages.. One of the annual activities of the community of KFC is the WORLD HUNGER Relief. In Vietnam, the program place at Christmas time, every customer can contribute their abilities to the fund â€Å"WORLD HUNGER Relief â€Å"with KFC. 2. 2 KFC business situation in Vietnam From age 90th of last century, exactly at the end of 1997, KFC come to Vietnam. A chain of fried chicken bring KFC brand name establish in Hochiminh city , but business policy at that time have limit , beside that peoples do not know â€Å" fast food† as well †¦therefore all most KFC restaurant have to bear losses . This picture not change in 07 years after , 07 years with the bad business result , 07 years KFC Vietnam losing In 2005 , flu bird attacking all Asia to make a very bad effect in business , KFC Vietnam have only one way to solve that problem if they still want keep the old menu by import chicken from North America only . From 2006 up to now, KFC at Hochiminh city become eventful with large of custom, peoples come to KFC restaurant to enjoy products of new technology life, especially for young peoples. KFC starting open more restaurants in HCM city and other provinces, one of big event is open to the North and Hanoi is the first shop in the North. We can say, KFC Vietnam really start PLAY THE GAME. With near 100 shops still activity, KFC Vietnam expects open more shops in all cities of Vietnam. Beside open more shop, KFC Viet Nam tried to give more dish following Vietnam taste as : Com Ga Flava Roast , Ga ran gion khong xuong, Xa lach ga gion, C?   Besides, KFC Vietnam strict used franchise in their business activities. In addition, all operations of the stores are operating under strict management of the parent company. This is one of the principles that KFC Corporation is applying. CHAPTER 3: PEST ANALYSIS 3. 1 Demographical Factor : Following factors included in the demographical factors of the pest analysis of KFC VN a) Age: Generally there is no age limit which is focus by the KFC. They target focus on each and every age of the society. But for somehow in my opinion they target heavily on the youngest as compared to the middle old age. Which the target market is under ages 30, KFC looking for motivation market. In other hand, KFC is also particularly interested to children, KFC tried to impact on child awareness from little. b) Gender : In this case they generally focus on the both Males Females of the society similarly target them c) Household size: Household size plays a vital role in the demographical factor of KFC. Generally they target the whole family not a single family member. That’s why they introduced many family packages meals as well as they set-up separately play area for child in each restaurant. d) Population: Population also a vital role in the demographical factor of KFC. Depend on population size they can make their strategy. 3. 2 Economic Factors a) Income: Income is an important economical factor of the KFC. This factor decides which class KFC is going to target. Vietnam in third countries group which lower income, it’s one of difficult that KFC have to face when they come to Viet Nam. Through introduced some meal from them, we cans say that they target the middle and the upper level as well. b) Consumption behavior : KFC also estimated the consumption behavior of the people, their liking and disliking and make decision accordingly. c) Payment methods : Payment method is an important factor in the economical factor of the KFC . They check the behavior of the regarding the payment methods of the people . They check whether they gives money in the forms of cash or plastic money. d) Opcution : By choosen two main market is Hanoi and HCMC , it’s could give KFC reached some big groups like studens / young people living and working at downtown . There are too many college , university and offices here . It’s also suitable which KFC direction . Technological factor : a) Research Development : Research development is also an important factor in the technological factor . KFC always support the work of research development in order to introduce the new technology. b) Capital formation : Capital formation means stock of machinery. KFC has a stock of machinery in order to run its business activities. In other words KFC has a good amount of Capital Formation 3. 4 Political Factors : a) Government Policies: although KFC is a foreign company, but they have to obey the policies of the Government where they run its business activities. KFC has handled this situation very tactfully and obey the policies of the Government as prescribe by the government in order to run this kind of business. b) Price policies : Price policies are also an important factor. KFC maintain design its price policy keeping in view the income income distribution of the people living in the country. c) Political stability Political stability is very important if KFC want to become the leader in fast food business in Vietnam. In Vietnam, political is good point for KFC developing. 3. 5 Ethical / Legal factors : a) Business law: Just like the Government policies the business unit which is working in Vietnam also regulates the law regarding the nature of business. KFC also fulfills this factor. b) Social responsibilities Ethics : Social responsibilities Ethics are important factor. KFC tries his level best to this factor. We can see it clearly from the first introduce of KFC on their web: One of the annual activities of the community of KFC is the WORLD HUNGER Relief. In Vietnam, the program place at Christmas time, every customer can contribute their abilities to the fund â€Å"WORLD HUNGER Relief â€Å"with KFC. 3. 6 Social / Cultural Factor: a) Social class: As analysis previous that KFC target the middle and the upper class. But of course, they do not miss lower middle class – if they have change to services. b) Culture : Through the culture of KFC from where they come is different but they adopt the Vietnam culture also. c) Religion KFC not meet any difficult with religion in Vietnam, all most people from Chris / Buddhist can eat KFC except very small peoples in vegetarian food group. 3. 7 Geographical factor: KFC concentrate to big cities, huge population like Ha N? i, TP. HCM, Da N? ng, H? Phong†¦In this group, two main markets is Ha N? i and H? Chi Minh city . KFC appear in H? Chi Minh city from 1997, but until 2006 they just open the first shop in Ha N? i. They’re not using storm development (like G7 Vietnam – a thousand of shops appear after one night – and 100% disappear now). They reach to the long term business in Vietnam market by development step by step, slow but stable. 3. 8 Psychology factor Vietnam in developing countries group with the youngest economical, motivation and creation. The economy market also create the new life style , this new trend attracting so much to the young peoples . â€Å" Saving time – Style – Motivation† – there are very suitable with KFC. So, this can help KFC believe to get successful in Vietnam. CHAPTER 4 : KFC VIETNAM SWOT ANALYSIS 4. 1 : Opportunities / Threat / Strengths/ Weakness Opportunities (O) 1. Consumer income increasing ( O1) 2. Large population ( O2) 3. A lot foreigner in VN ( O3) 4. Motivation economic market ( O4) Threat (T) 1. Competitor (T1) 2. Tariffs (T2) 3. Flu bird (T3) 4. Consumer health (T4) Strength (S) 1. Well known (S1) 2. Good distribution (S2) 3. Good services (S3) 4. Strong financial (S4) 5. Good place (S5) 6. High quality (S6) Weakness (W) 1. Price (W1) 2. Human resource (W2) 4. 2 Outside factor: From competitors in Fast food industry like Lotteria, Jollibee,Domino †¦They all have a good business strategy, good distribution systems, beside that we can see Pho24 , Traditional noodle †¦is a suitable products. All of them are a big challenge of KFC. The tax is one important factor that affects to business. Currently, the tax rate that applies to the food industry increasing. So when the tax increases make production costs rising accordingly then affecting consumer demand. So this is the challenge of firm to observe and maintain the tax rate and sales growth together. KFC is famous brand for fried chicken. And the material is mainly chicken. But it’s still being affected by H5N1 avian flu. So it will affect the supply source of KFC. This is one challenge for KFC in stabilizing supply source to meet the consumer demand as well as to ensure the quality of chickens. Now, in motivation economic market, life running so quickly then the people does not have enough of time to prepare home-cooked meals. Therefore, the fast food industry with a convenient, quickly, delicious, comfortable space has attracted many people chosen. So the demand is increasing and this is one of opportunity for KFC. Today, health becomes primary concern because the current number of people suffering from obesity, heart disease, diabetes is increasing rapidly. And fast food is considered as one of reason, it makes the consumer feel more serious and careful when using. This is one major challenge that the fast-food industry is facing, not only KFC. At the same time, with many scandals about food safety causes consumers to lose confidence in the food outside. It’s very important with KFC when building and develop the brand name. Now, peoples income is raising . It’s chance for KFC to develop products and improve sales. 4. 3 Internal factor: KFC fried chicken is the first brand in Vietnam and also the famous brand in the world, this is strength in general business as well as in the fast food industry in particular. Distribution System: KFC have a chain of stores throughout big cities in Vietnam, delivery to your door in the fastest time. It’s a perfect type of distribution and convenience for consumers. This strength of KFC. Quality Product: KFC always keep product in high quality level. Thanks to the strength of this, KFC products are favored and trusted by consumer. Customer service: with many attractive promotions, facilities and equipment in the stores are always clean; the staffs polite and attentive, the modern way create one system which high class. By that, consumers feel comfortable when coming to KFC store. Financial: KFC is owned by Yum corporations are operating with more than 33,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries worldwide. Four companies KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Long John Siver is the leading brand of Yum Corp . , With strong financial , KFC can deploy the large business finance , as well as easy to compete with other competitors. This is a strong point of KFC Vietnam with the support of Yum Corp!. Place: KFC chain stores are always placed at the conveniently located, center, at the corner of big street, shopping malls, supermarkets, airport Its help consumers fell convenient and help business growing, attract more customers day by day. Price: the price still high, there are not much cheap prices for the low incomes consumer who takes a lot of market in Vietnam now. This is a weakness for KFC Vietnam. Manpower: In Vietnam, the psychology of workers in the fast food industry is doing temporary jobs, not permanent. Thus the continuous training of new employees causing unnecessary waste. On the other hand, it makes the labor force is not stable. 4. 4 Use strengths to catch the opportunity (SO): S1O1: with strong brand name, KFC should to sell more products to increase market share and increase sales S1O2: increasing peoples income is one chance, thanks to well-known brand name KFC should to improve brand reputation more and more to attract consumer chosen their products. S2O1: KFC should complete chain stores better than now in the country to meet the requirement growing day by day of customers. S3O1: improve and expand customer service better to capture consumer demand is increasing, even to meet the requirements of the most difficult customers. S3O2: customer service needs to be more professional. S4O1O2: maximize capital, investment product innovation to catch the opportunities. S5O1: open more stores in downtown places big street corners, shopping malls S6O1O2: product quality keep in high level, improved taste, safety food it will attract more and more customers come to KFC. 4. 5 Use strengths to overcome threats (ST) S1T1: In addition to KFC, the fast food market in Vietnam has Lotteria, Jollibee are all well-known names. Therefore, competition is inevitable. KFC should keep carefully when choosing new store and promotion policy to have most effectively. S1T4: Running the well-known brand trusted by consumers, KFC should pay attention to the health of consumers to keep the food always safety. So KFC always give high product quality, ensure food hygiene and safety. S2T1: KFC have a good distribution system, it will help the strengths competition. It should increase staff more in this system. S3T1: KFC customer service better and better to help consumers choose KFC more and more, it’s will help in competition. KFC should have good competitive strategies to attract customers more. S4T2: With support from strong financial, KFC not meet difficult when tariffs increase. S4T3: Thanks to strong financial, KFC can respond to the sourcing of raw materials to ensure quality, even in H5N1 flu bird. S5T1: KFC business location is very convenient, usually located in the center, big streets at downtown. It’s attracted many peoples thus creating good conditions to compete in business. S6T1: thanks to the delicious product, taste, are processed with a special formula, so KFC products should not be mixed with other flavors. It’s really a competitive advantage for KFC. 4. 6 Overcoming weaknesses to take advantage of opportunities (WO) W1O1: need adjust price of product more suitable to catch more consumers with average incomes to take opportunities as demand increases. W2O2: training professional staff, KFC should be have more supportive policies for staff to help maintain long-term employees to decrees the training costs, as well as improving the quality of customer service. 4. Minimize weaknesses to avoid threats (WT) W1T1: Price of KFC products is still high, KFC needs adjust to have reasonable price W1T3: The H5N1 flu is makes the material supply is limited, increases prices. Therefore, in addition to finding the best safety materials, KFC must also have policies to keep stable prices and keep quality together. W2T1: KFC should increase the salaries of employees to ensure the long-term human resources, do not change frequently. KFC should give a message to employees about stable work, long term relationship, is not part time job. CHAPTER 5: MARKETING MIX of KFC Vietnam Marketing mix consists of 4P’s are: Product Price Place Promotion 5. 1 Product: 5. 1. 1: Product Planning * Their product as consumer product as it has no intermediates * KFC offers specialty goods * The stock turnover of KFC is high * Price and quality of the product is always compared * Their product includes : Goods and services 5. 1. 2: Product strategy: It was launched here as an innovative product. KFC has got one product product line but later they introduced products in the same line to protect their market share. New product ideas are generated from: *Custom services * Quick survey They have a quality assurance department that decides the new product innovation. QA dept. prepares screening of new ideas and product’s feasibility report. This department does the technical evaluation (whether is practical to produce the new product or not). The products are tested externally by offering trials to customers by giving them free samples . KFC uses telemarketing , print media , billboards , televised marketing for promotion. KFC adds a new product in its present assortment based on: *Their competitor * Product’s adequate demand * The satisfaction of financial criteria It’s compatibility with environmental standard 5. 1. 3 Product line KFC product line includes all chicken based producing: Chicken: 1 piece 2 pieces 5 pieces Combos: Chicken meals Sandwich meals Family Meals Dessert Beverages: Fruit salad Regular Large Drink ( Pepsi) Regular Large Mineral water Ice creams 5. 1. 4 Product Mix Strategies: Competitor : In Vietnam , KFC has a head-on competition with Lotteria , KFC almost set up in the same area with Lotteria Attributes : the brand name of KFC is so strong that is it the attribute itself Price and quality: KFC products are based on high quality and from medium price up. Product Mix Expansion Line extension: Through introducing now meals offer Alteration of existing products: Quality assurance department does it. The department decides which product should be sold and when. 5. 1. 6 Change in product positioning: KFC introduced itself, has grown and now it is at maturity stage for the last 15 years in VIETNAM 5. 1. 7 Management in Introduction stage: Market entry was not a big problem for KFC as it is a well-known international brand. In that stage they did promoted through their own brand. Their promotion statement was â€Å"KFC in Vietnam†. Management in the rise stage had to make policy for head-on competition with Lotteria . It also extended product line by introducing new product items 5. 1. 10 Product Branding , Packaging Labelling Brand name : KFC Color : Red, White Symbol: Colonel Harland Sander’s picture and KFC written with it KFC Brand: KFC brand identify – the logo features Colonel Harland Sanders one of the best recognized icons in the world. KFC is trademarked registered brand It is distinctive , adaptable to addition to product line Ait suggests something about product It is legally protected and registered Brand Equity : The brand equity is very high as the value added by brand to the product effects the product selling Branding Strategies : KFC is marketing the entire output under products own brand. Complimentary Branding: Pepsi Packaging strategies: KFC makes its own disposable packaging. If they need promotion Pepsi contributes in improving the packaging quality. KFC does family packaging. They use paper material for packaging to avoid health hazards environmental pollution. Labeling: KFC does brand labeling. Some of its products also have information labels such as Chick meals, hot pug†¦ 5. 2 PRICE: KFC Pricing strategies: In introduction stage KFC entered the market using market –skimming strategy. Their products were high price and targeted only upper class. Gradually they trickle down focusing on the middle class to penetrate the market. Also KFC follows one price strategy. Price is determined according to the rates of the raw materials and policies of the Gov. The political and legal forces aften affeet the policies of KFC and eventually results in change of prices that is due to imposing of taxes. 5. 3 PLACE Distribution Channel: KFC has only one channel of distribution i. e. direct the goods are transferred to the consumer directly, KFC has no middlemen. Distribution of Consumer Good Services: KFC does distribution of consumer goods directly to the consumer KFC also does distribution of services to the consumer like parking, sitting, home delivery, etc. 5. 4 PROMOTION: The logo features Colonel Harland Sanders that is one of the best logo in the world has created its name as a standard in the market. KFC by its advertisements derives the desire in the customer to come and enjoy healthy food in their favorite restaurant. They use print media to promote it products: newspapers, Billboard KFC has put big boarding on the downtown of Vietnam and have an effective advertisement campaign on the media in order to motivate its customers. The color used in advertising are Red, White and blue which itself is recognition for the brand. KFC have joint sale promotion with different companies in the same area for one even or by themselves. .. And most recently with Thanhnien ,Tuoitre newspaper ADDITIONAL : Some suggestion for KFC VietNam KFC Vietnam can using some below suggestion for Marketing : Using collectibles KFC can using marketing program through collectibles, particularly those that kids enjoy. Select a movie or popular animated film. ( Like Toy Story , Iron Men †¦) Find companies who sell dolls, glasses or other mementos that are related to the movie. Offer four or six characters or glasses. Provide one free item for the purchase a kids meal. This fast food marketing strategies2 entices people to come back until they have all the collectibles. Choose a popular theme for your collectibles that other fast food companies are not marketing. Children will feel happy with that and the parents happy together. Using loyalty programs Frequency card programs are a popular now, KFC can set up type of loyalty program for their restaurants. Create a display and sign-up forms to promote your frequency card program. Invite people to fill out an application. Reward people according to the frequency in which they visit your restaurant. For example, KFC could offer people a free drink after their reach four visits, then free one meal after their next four visits. Ultimately, a customer could earn a free family meal after 10 visits or more. Keep repeating this cycle for six, eight or 10 weeks, or whichever time frame you choose. With all of those programs, all customers could enjoy and fell satisfaction. Marketing Strategy free essay sample 1. Social media advertisement such as Facebook and Twitter. Through this activity of creating advertisement, their business will be more visible to the public and will be known to the market. People would just hit share and likes, and a possibility to reach to the people who are in need of a dormitory. 2. Flyers and Print ads. Flyers will be given anywhere, like outside the school, crowded area, and offices, along the streets or in any event that the flyers could be distributed. Make sure that the flyers that will be distributed has the information that the consumer needs to know and noticeable to the market. They will post tarpaulins near schools, offices and on their designated target markets. So that people will notice and be aware of this area. 3. Commission based Referrals A form of payment to an agent for services rendered. 4. Word of Mouth Seeding a message or information to a lot of people. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So that consumer has an idea were to go if they will find a Dormitory or they will refer it to someone. 5. Text Blast Forward text messages about the Dormitory of those in need and give information about the Dormitory. Action Plan 1. Product Improve services, like security guard. 2. Price Minimum of 2600, max 3500 (fixed price) Price must be affordable especially one of their target markets is students. 3. Place It has laundry area, cafeteria, rooms 4. Promotions Tarpaulin should be place near schools, terminals, along the streets. Flyers must have more specified information and must be given to students, offices, along the streets or crowded area. Marketing strategy free essay sample Marketing strategy  is defined by  David Aaker  as a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its resources on the optimal opportunities with the goals of increasing sales and achieving a sustainable  competitive advantage. Marketing strategy includes all basic and long-term activities in the field of marketing that deal with the analysis of the strategic initial situation of a company and the formulation, evaluation and selection of market-oriented strategies and therefore contribute to the goals of the company and its marketing objectives. Marketing Mix Modeling  is often used to help determine the optimal marketing budget and how to allocate across the marketing mix to achieve these strategic goals. Moreover, such models can help allocate spend across a portfolio of brands and manage brands to create value. The marketing mix  is a business tool used in  marketing  and by marketeers . The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brands offer, and is often associated with the  four Ps:  price,  product,  promotion, and  place. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [1]  In service marketing, however, the four Ps are expanded to the  seven Ps  [2]  or  eight Ps  to address the different nature of services. Category Definition Product A product is seen as an item that satisfies what a consumer demands. It is a tangible good or an intangible service. Tangible products are those that have an independent physical existence. Typical examples of mass-produced, tangible objects are the  motor car  and the disposable  razor. A less obvious but ubiquitous mass-produced service is a  computer operating system. Every product is subject to a  life-cycle  including a growth phase followed by a maturity phase and finally an eventual period of decline as sales falls. Marketers must do careful research on how long the life cycle of the product they are marketing is likely to be and focus their attention on different challenges that arise as the product move. The marketer must also consider the  product mix. Marketers can expand the current product mix by increasing a certain product lines depth or by increasing the number of product lines. Marketers should consider how to position the product, how to exploit the brand, how to exploit the companys resources and how to configure the product mix so that each product complements the other. The marketer must also consider product development strategies. [3] Price The amount a customer pays for the product. The price is very important as it determines the companys profit and hence, survival. Adjusting the price has a profound impact on the marketing strategy, and depending on the  price elasticity  of the product, often it will affect the  demand  and sales as well. The marketer should set a price that complements the other elements of the marketing mix. [3] When setting a price, the marketer must be aware of the  customer perceived value  for the product. Three basic pricing strategies are:  market skimming  pricing, market  penetration pricing  and neutral pricing. The reference value (where the consumer refers to the prices of competing products) and the differential value (the consumers view of this products attributes versus the attributes of other products) must be taken into account. [3] Promotion All of the methods of communication that a marketer may use to provide information to different parties about the product. Promotion comprises elements such as:  advertising,  public relations,  sales organisation  and  sales promotion. Advertising covers any communication that is paid for, from cinema commercials, radio and Internet advertisements through print media and billboards. Public relations is where the communication is not directly paid for and includes press releases, sponsorship deals, exhibitions, conferences, seminars or trade fairs and events. Word-of-mouth  is any apparently informal communication about the product by ordinary individuals, satisfied customers or people specifically engaged to create word of mouth momentum. Sales staff often plays an important role in word of mouth and public relations (see product above). Distribution(Place) Refers to providing the product at a place which is convenient for consumers to access. Various  strategies  such as intensive distribution, selective distribution, exclusive distribution and  franchising  can be used by the marketer to complement the other aspects of the marketing mix. [3][8] Segmenting[edit] Segmenting is the process of dividing the market into segments based on customer characteristics and needs. The main activity segmenting consists of four sub activities. These are: 1. determining who the actual and potential customers are identifying segments 3. analyzing the intensity of competitors in the market 4. selecting the attractive customer segments. The first, second and fourth steps are described as market segmentation. The third step of analyzing the intensity of the competitors is added to the process of segmenting in this process description. When different segments are identified, it is not necessary that these segments are attractive to target. A company is almost never alone in a market competitors have a great influence on the attractiveness of entering a certain market. When there is a high intensity of competitors, it is hard to obtain a profitable market share and a company may decide not to enter a certain market. The third step of segmenting is the first part of the topic of competitor analysis. The need for segmenting a market is based on the fact that no market is homogeneous. For one product the market can be divided in different customer groups. The variables used for this segmenting in these groups are usually geographical, psychographical, behavioral and demographic variables. This results in segments which are homogeneous within and heterogeneous between each other. When these segments are known, it is important to decide on which market to target. Not every market is an attractive market to enter. A little filtering has been done in this activity, but there are more factors to take in account before targeting a certain market segment. This process is called targeting. Targeting[edit] After the most attractive segments are selected, a company should not directly start targeting all these segments other important factors come into play in defining a target market. Four sub activities form the basis for deciding on which segments will actually be targeted. The four sub activities within targeting are: 1. defining the abilities of the company and resources needed to enter a market 2. analyzing competitors on their resources and skills 3. considering the company’s abilities compared to the competitors abilities 4. deciding on the actual target markets. The first three sub activities are described as the topic  competitor analysis. The last sub activity of deciding on the actual target market is an analysis of the companys abilities to those of its competitors. The results of this analysis leads to a list of segments which are most attractive to target and have a good chance of leading to a profitable market share. Obviously, targeting can only be done when segments have been defined, as these segments allow firms to analyze the competitors in this market. When the process of targeting is ended, the markets to target are selected, but the way to use marketing in these markets is not yet defined. To decide on the actual marketing strategy, knowledge of the differential advantages of each segment is needed. Positioning[edit] When the list of target markets is made, a company might want to start on deciding on a good marketing mix directly. But an important step before developing the marketing mix is deciding on how to create an identity or image of the product in the mind of the customer. Every segment is different from the others, so different customers with different ideas of what they expect from the product. In the process of positioning the company: 1. identifies the differential advantages in each segment 2. decides on a different positioning concept for each of these segments. This process is described at the topic  positioning, here different concepts of positioning are given. The process-data model shows the concepts resulting from the different activities before and within positioning. The model shows how the predefined concepts are the basis for the positioning statement. The analyses done of the market, competitors and abilities of the company are necessary to create a good positioning statement. When the positioning statement is created, one can start on creating the marketing mix. Marketing strategy free essay sample Nike Inc. founded in 1964 by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight is global leader in sportswear and footwear industry. With Nike occupying around 45% of global market share in footwear and apparels and moving further ahead, much of the organisational success can be credited to its marketing strategy that have helped the organisation achieve revenue worth billions every fiscal year ($18 billion being in 2008). Nike Inc. UK has a major market in the UK for fitness trainers and shoes provided for health and fitness purpose benefits to the consumers. Nike understands the importance of market analysis and marketing strategy based upon those analytical processes. Considerable amount of research and analysis have been carried on in understanding consumer needs, UK’s environment and potential opportunities. This report consists of situational analysis SWOT of Nike in UK and also presents situational analysis suggestion of ways in which competitive edge can be gained against its rivals with segmentation, targeting and positioning of the products. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The importance of marketing objectives has also been highlighted in the report and thus provides Nike with a glimpse of marketing environment in UK and the expectations with role of marketing mix (4P’s). Introduction Nike has predominantly been successful in shoe manufacturing and distribution among the shoe manufacturers with its superior quality, high tech, ultramodern shoes that meet on going demand of the market and its trends. From professional athletics to most common need for fitness trainers, Nike has got fitness shoes and trainers in all shape, sizes and colours. Some of the most famous Nike trainers and fitness shoes are Nike + (spelled as plus), Air Jordan, Nike Shox, Nike Lunar glide, Nike Air Zoom, Nike 360 and many more. Nike is the sole distributor of Nike trade mark represented on each of these and many of its fitness trainers sold globally. High quality material, design and cut and technological enhancement of the shoes as per requirement of various activities thus make Nike the best choice for fitness trainers and shoes. Marketing Analysis and strategic evaluation of a company is an important component of any organisational success. Without well-structured marketing strategies and road maps to planning and achieving them, no organisation can be at the point where they want to be. Nike in UK covers a fair amount of market share and revenue for the organisation. The huge market diversity, brand awareness in market and consumer base loyal to high quality products therefore help to its cause. On the other hand, UK market is generally health conscious and trendy. Trainers and fitness shoes are therefore in much demand over last few years within the country itself. Marketing Audit (Nike Inc. UK) Nike Inc. UK follows management strategies that combine with six of the most important external factors that can have an impact on the organisation. PESTLE is a situational analysis tool that can be used by firms to determine their position against possible external influences such as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. Nike and its positional stand against background of UK market can therefore be analysed in the following way: Political Factors Nike Inc. has a considerably stable political environment and an economy welfare provided by the state. Considerable amount of legal requirements were accomplished by Nike during its entry in the UK as an organisation completing all political alignments. Considerable amount of fitness shoes and trainers are imported in UK which is sold all over. However, Nike might have to face challenges if government drafts policy or quotas on Nike shoes that can be imported from its production sites such as Asia-Pacific. Economic Factors UK economy has been unstable in recent years. The double dip recession few years back, inflation rate fluctuating abnormally, growing living costs, income tax rate increments and other economic factors directly or indirectly affected Nike’s performance in the UK with comparatively weak sales figure. Economic balance, employment rate and PDI all must be stable and firm enough in the economy to help a business sustain. Nike therefore needs strategic move that can guarantee its sustainability in such circumstances. Social Factors UK market comprises of people from multiple culture, religion and ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, Nike needs to understand the social system and practice of all these people whenever approaching them. Sales and marketing of the fitness shoes should be therefore based upon social acceptance of methods, people’s lifestyle and their way of thinking. For instance, consumers in UK who purchase fitness trainers are pretty health conscious and the numbers are growing as well. Hence, Nike needs to provide more health benefitting shoes and apparel. Similarly, social responsibility image of Nike has to be significantly boosted with accusations of running sweatshops in Nike factories in Asia which it has tried to improve with facilities, factory improvements and commitment towards further improvement. Technological Factors Technological factors are an important aspect that needs to be considered by Nike Inc. UK . Technological advancements in fitness shoes need to be updated and research and development of such apparels have to be advanced. With fitness shoes that are designed such for injury prevention, sole strengthening, speed sports, less sweating and many other features the advancement has been unimaginable. UK customers are updated and spend good time researching on features and quality of the product they want. Nike therefore has to be technologically capable of providing customer satisfaction. Environmental Factors Nike needs total understanding of UK market as consumers are concerned about how products they purchase can make an impact upon environment. Production materials, process and sites can be harmful to environment in many ways. This can be a grave concern for environmental activists and hence persuade consumer thoughts. Nike has to be able to inform the consumers in UK with their continuous efforts in making Nike shoe production environment friendly and use of raw materials and the production process least harmful to nature. Legal factors Nike has to oblige with all the legal regulations and in relevance with companies operating in the UK. They must consider their business privileges as well as legal responsibility in concern with marketing, promotion and sales in the Kingdom. Some of the legal acts that they need to consider are regarding press, trade acts, acts on sales and supply of goods, adverts and campaigning, television adverts, environmental acts and so on. Without its compliance of local laws and acts Nike would suffer a huge blow in gaining consumer trust as they cannot operate with efficiency. SWOT ANALYSIS FOR NIKE FITNESS SHOES Strength: Nike is a global leader in shoe manufacturing and has been in market for very long time. There is a considerable amount of customer trust and loyalty based upon the very fact that Nike has been able to provide highest quality fitness shoes with modern techniques and design over years. The research and development investment in Nike is huge. The very reason has pioneered Nike in producing ultra-modern technology in fitness shoes. Shoes with air compressed soles for low pressure on soles, ankle protecting designs, speed boosting trainers etc. have all been Nike’s brilliant ideas in meeting with modern demands of consumers. Beside innovations, Nike also provides consumers with choice of designing their own shoes in the UK. Nike has a global presence and their revenues are worth billions . Distribution channels for Nike are well established and it has diverse range of products to cater the consumers with. Weakness: Nike Inc. UK has had to compete fiercely against several of its competitors in recent years with economic downfall regarding price of the product. Several of Nike’s fitness trainers are comparatively expensive than other brands. With buyers focusing their mind on cost efficient purchase, Nike prices are a thought for many. On the other hand, Nike’s sweatshop factories in Asia which are not owned by Nike themselves but subcontracted had tarnished Nike image among many people. Nike has considerably put much effort in improving the working condition and lives of its workers thereby. Opportunity: UK market has lots of potential opportunities for the Nike. With numerous amounts of health conscious people and growing sport enthusiastic generation of youngsters, Nike has the opportunity to grab market by launching shoes and trainers as per the consumer needs. Use of internet is wide and common in the UK and e-commerce has been developing in a tremendous pace. Nike can use this opportunity to promote, inform and cater its consumers with its fitness trainers. Threats: Nike has been competing fiercely with rival companies such as Adidas, Puma, Asics, Umbro and others for fitness shoe production and distribution in UK market. Besides, challenges from competitors, forged Nike footwear relatively cheap and of low quality are circulated by counterfeiters in market which has hampered Nikes reputation and brand. On the other hand growing economic uncertainty, government cuts and rising inflation have been challenging Nike sales. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Competitive advantage can be defined as strategic advantage a company holds against the competitors in the industry. It can be marked as the positional state of company when it is able to create a benchmark in terms of profit in the industry. Nike has the competitive advantage over its rivals through wider market coverage, higher gross revenue and customer loyalty as well. Nike fitness trainers with their high quality design and attributes have been able to outperform other shoe makers. Nike therefore wants to hold this competitive advantage over its rival sustainably. Competitive advantage can be achieved either by, Cost advantage techniques when production is made in massive quantity and products sold in relatively cheaper price or differentiation techniques of producing unique featured products against competitors and providing relative value to the good priced. In 2003, Svend Hollenson provided seven key factors that provide organisations with competitive advantage. Nike with all these consideration and seven key factors can boost its performance therefore in market. The seven factors are: Economy of scale: Economies of scale refers to the term when production cost of a company is relatively lower than its sales revenue and earnings made are from massive sales. These companies produce goods on regular basis and avoid shortage in the market. Economy of scope: Economies of scope relates to the idea that cost of production can be further reduced by other organisational means such as joint administrative firms for different products, similar storage for different goods and cost effective methodologies used in production to distribution. Strategic thinking: The core competence of any business to succeed in modern business world is strategic thinking. With enormous amount of competition and impediments that can affect the business, Nike should be able to analyse its internal and external environment, assess operational lapses so as they can provide effective strategy to eradicate arrears and achieve their objectives. Use of local market: Global companies such as Nike have ample opportunity to provide their range of products to local market in the UK. With well informed and health conscious consumers growing on daily basis, Nike can exploit the opportunity to provide its trainers in all parts of the country. Nike’s product range and standards are well accepted and with more quality products coming in it can boost with learning of local market and advantages it can take from. Ability to provide global services: Nike has been able to provide its product and service throughout the globe. With communication, transportation and various technological developments that have made international trade reliable, company such as Nike have been able to market and cater their business worldwide. Use if information technology in global service is an essential tool which has been used by Nike to deliver its goods and services. Competitive advantage (Company specific): Every organisation should have a distinct and unique feature which provides a competitive edge over its rival companies. Nike has been providing high quality footwear from their founding days. Superior technology, design and features of Nike footwear are second to none. This very reason has made Nike achieve higher market share globally than its competitors by building excellent customer relationship. Human resource (competitive advantage): Nike and its success can be credited on high level to the employees of Nike who with their commitment, skills and attitude have made tremendous development and market coverage for them. Human workforce is an essential element of any business where firm should be able to provide the employees with business specific skills. This helps organisation achieve most out of the available workforce. SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING (STP) The marketing strategy of a company starts from mission and vision statement to selection of market and then positioning of the plans and objectives of the product in the market. Philip Kotler (1994) provided segmentation, targeting and positioning as the essence of strategic management for any organisation. Here, in terms of Nike Inc. UK, we can suggest following steps to be followed for strategic move: Segmentation: Research on existing market, types of customers and distribution of similar market should be carried out. Targeting: A target market (generally mass and more productive) which has to be served has to be analysed. Positioning: The plans are carried out to be performed in the target market and all the activities positioned. Nike Inc. UK should be able to research and develop the segments within UK market where consumers with similar characteristics can be served. The three approaches of market segmentation such as differentiated, undifferentiated and concentrated can be used to determine segments and plan accordingly by Nike. Nike can distinguish its market with several features and variables which determine the general concept about products that Nike offer, fitness shoes in this case. Socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, income and family etc. can be considered. It may also be based on geographic information such as area, area density, household and neighbourhood, market size and more. Behavioural data can be assessed to determine customer loyalty, buying trends, user choice and others. Psychographic studies would help Nike understand consumer lifestyle, fashion choices and many more. Nike and its segment targeting approach in the UK Socio demography: Nike Inc. UK provides fitness shoe and trainers in wide range and designs to offer different kind of customers. Trainers and shoes come in all shape, size, specification and quality. Trainers in multiple ranges for men, women and kids are available in the UK market. Sizes are marked effectively for fit in purpose and available readily in all the sales stores. Fitness trainers for men range from ? 38 least for Nike Zoom to ? 120 highest for Nike Trainer 1. Women have wide range of choice as well from Nike Air Cardio designs costing mere ? 28 to ? 140 for Nike Air Max+ 2011 id. Kid products range from ? 18 to ? 100. Geography: Nike has made its presence felt in all the major towns and cities in the UK. The points those are most likely to be consumer targeted have been covered as market by Nike. However, reaching the country sides would be a challenge and point of thought if Nike wants to expand its business all over the nation. Nike provides point of sale services in London, Birmingham city, Glasgow, Manchester city, Edinburgh and many other cities. However, internet usage is the only medium for other geographic parts to purchase Nike trainers. Customer Behaviour: It can be important for Nike to realise the importance of customer behaviour in UK. To learn more about consumer preferences and expectation, it is important to communicate with them and share their experiences. Customer loyalty can be earned by providing customers with benefits and services such as after sales, exchange facilities, warranty and making them feel cared for. Nike has to develop such credentials to learn more about customer status and capacity. Consumer psychograph: Nike has so far been successful in providing trainers and fitness shoes to varying demands of consumers that are available in the UK. Prices of the trainers range from ? 28 to ? 140 which shows that Nike has its focus on all sets of customer status. Some exclusive products are also sold in the market that focuses on trendy, fashionable and youthful nature of trainers and fitness shoes for the consumers. POSITIONING OF MARKET Nike Inc. has been very successful in positioning itself as a global leader in athletic footwear market. Even in UK, Nike has been really successful in covering huge market, enormous amount of consumer trust and therefore considerable amount of revenue for the company itself. Technological advancement, high quality materials, innovation and design in Nike footwear are what even the competitors try to imitate. Even though several European brands provide Nike with stiff competition in the UK, Nike has been efficacious in fending off challenges and come up with even better trainers and footwear as per the demand of demanding health conscious population. With a very competitive pricing strategy that is in concern with market expectations, Nike provides footwear of different sizes, design and price for different market segments. Nike has invested considerable amount of time and money on research of UK market since years which has made it one of the most trusted and loved brand in the UK. Such strong position and market share therefore is a positive sign for Nike in days to come. NIKE AND ITS MARKETING OBJECTIVES AND GOALS IN THE UK Nike has been established as a reputed business enterprise in the UK for years now. Their capability and product effectiveness are reflected in choice of people in using Nike fitness trainers before any available option. SMART based goals and objectives which relate to features of objective setting such as specification, measurement, attainment, realisation and time are necessary for Nike to implement in their strategies. Here, we analyse how Nike’s objectives can be related to the SMART approach. SPECIFIC: Nike is the leading women fitness provider in UK with revenue grossing worth 200 million dollars in 2010. Nike Inc. wants to double the gross amount by the fiscal year of 2014. MEASURABLE: Nike targets revenue of $27 billion by the end of 2015 as well as cumulative cash flow increment to $12 billion. ACHIEVABLE: Nike wants to provide UK consumers with 100% cotton used fitness trainers based upon consumer survey in coming years. Nike Inc. has plans to endorse its own athletics footwear during the 2012 summer Olympics in London by sponsoring all the American athletes participating in the games. REALISTIC: Nike Inc. UK wants to increase its market coverage in the UK which is 18% now to 25% within 2013 as Nike footwear have had tremendously appreciated response and promotional endorsements are to be boosted during Olympic games. TIME BOUND: All afore mentioned plans and objectives of Nike Inc. UK are to be completed in certain time allocated for each objective completion. MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS OF NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc. UK would have to define its objectives and the process of determining the achievement of those goals. Out of various strategic plans available, Nike Inc. UK can use growth strategies using both product and market. Figure source: http://highn. me/ansoffs-matrix-planning-for-growth/ Nike Inc. UK can develop its strategies by using various methods of strategic moves such as Market Penetration: by providing competitive prices against others, promotional campaigns, enhancing customer support and care etc. Market Development: by getting into newer geographic area, building newer distribution channels, creating new product dimension, creating new market segment etc. Product Development: by producing exclusive products, creating a new trend, using technological advancements in product, diversifying product ranges etc. Diversification: by producing new merchandises than usual for instance sweat free socks for Nike trainers, or other products to match Nike footwear and apparels such as caps, jogging scarfs etc. THE MARKETING MIX (4P’S) FOR NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc. UK and their marketing strategies may be subject to changes from external forces of environment such as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. The company however has no control on these factors and have to make adjustments on several occasions. The 4 p’s are variables that the organisation can control within its own marketing strategy and is generally known as 4 p’s of marketing mix. Here, we analyse Nike Inc. and its marketing mix. Product: Nike should be able to provide product variety to the consumers in UK. With people interested in different sports, Nike can make an impact on market here. The quality and features of the new trainers have to be of highest quality, design and durability. Latest trends and technology used in performance enhancement, accident prevention and safety of athletes should be made available in Nike trainers. Sizes and shapes have to come out in all different ways and the products need to be attractively packaged as well. Price: Nike needs to focus on all kinds of customer and research on the customer behaviour or purchasing pattern in the UK. Though Nike already provides trainers from as cheap as ? 28 to ? 140 and more, the prices need to be justified. List of the prices and their features marked with products can be helpful. Price discounts on times can be helpful for boosting business. Place: Nike should focus on locations where footwear can be retailed, distributed or sold more efficiently. Study of market is necessary to determine where Nike can make best out of its sales. Placement in this case may be stores around sport clubs, distribution to other sellers and others. Information technology has covered almost the whole part of UK which can be utilised by Nike to exploit the market and attract the customers. Promotion: Nike Inc. has used several of global athletes as brand ambassadors for the company. Their very link with the company and attachment has provided lime light to the Nike trainers as well. The company can advertise its trainers through media; create sales promotion from time to time and even sponsor future sport events to promote their products as well. Conclusion/Recommendation: Marketing Strategy is an important aspect in achieving the organisational goals and objectives. Only with considerable investment in analysing Nike Inc. ’s strength, weakness, opportunity and threats can the organisation implement marketing strategies. Nike enjoys good market presence and customer loyalty in the kingdom and thus can improve further. From the report, we can recommend some of the following aspects for Nike; The emerging youth culture and trend is an opportunity for Nike to market its products. More technological use in trainers, design can be improved so as to promote fitness trainers. Health benefits associated with fitness Nike trainers should be made aware to the consumers. Use of information technology can be great way to market coverage for Nike trainers and their distribution.